Pressurized water reactors are cooled and moderated by high-pressure liquid water (e.g., 16MPa). Data do not represent any reactor design. It is an illustrative example, and the following data do not correspond to any reactor design. See also: Fluid Acceleration – Pressure Loss It differs by about 9% and therefore ice floats on liquid water It has a maximum density of 3.98 ☌ (1000 kg/m 3), whereas the density of ice is 917 kg/m 3. For example, water differs from most liquids in that it becomes less dense as it freezes. It must be noted and there are exceptions to this rule. Where ∆T is the temperature change, V is the original volume, ∆V is the volume change, and α V is the coefficient of volume expansion. The change in volume of a material that undergoes a temperature change is given by the following relation: This phenomenon is known as thermal expansion. However, the amount of expansion or contraction varies, depending on the material. Most substances expand when heated and contract when cooled. The effect of temperature on the densities of liquids and solids is also very important. Compressibility measures the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. On the other hand, the density of gases is strongly affected by pressure. The effect of pressure on the densities of liquids and solids is very small. Increasing the pressure always increases the density of a material. In general, density can be changed by changing either the pressure or the temperature.
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